achene -- a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. For example, a rose hip holds a few achenes.

taproot -- The primary decending root of a plant.

Cut deeply and (usually) unevenly (a condition intermediate between toothed and lobed).

petiole -- the stalk of a leaf.

glabrous -- smooth, glossy, having no bristles or hair-like structures. Bald.

The apex is the tip or the furthest point from the attachment.

ray flowers -- The outer petals of a sunflower or daisy are ray flowers.

Bracts are modified leaves associated with a flower.

Involucre is the name given to the circle or spiral collection of bracts around a flower-cluster.

Like the teeth on a saw, leaves and other surfaces can have toothed edges.

scree -- field of small, loose, slab rock. Common high on mountains.

obovate -- Teardrop-shaped, stem attaches to tapering point.

A clasping leaf suroundes part of all of the stem.

rhizome -- root-like stems that may either grow horizontally at the soil surface or in other orientations underground.

An entire leaf has smooth edges. Not toothed or lobed.

oblanceolate -- top wider than bottom

A herb is a plant whose stems die back to the ground in the winter.

pappus -- Small scales, bristles or hairs at the top of the seed in Asteraceae. For example, dandelion parachutes. Plural: pappi.

fruit -- any seed-bearing structure in flowering plants. It is formed from the ovary after flowering.

sessile -- attached without a stalk. For example, a leaf that clasps the stalk. A petiolate leaf has a stalk.

caudex -- The woody stem base of some herbaceous perennials.

alpine -- above the tree line. Thin soil, rocks, short growing season, frost, winter snow.

A perennial plant lives and blooms for many years.