ray flowers -- The outer petals of a sunflower or daisy are ray flowers.

scale -- A very small leaf around a dormant bud. Also other things that might remind one of fish scales on the surface of ferns, stems and the like.

A perennial plant lives and blooms for many years.

achene -- a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. For example, a rose hip holds a few achenes.

A herb is a plant whose stems die back to the ground in the winter.

corolla -- The name for all the petals of a flower taken together.

disc flowers are those in the center of a sunflower or daisy. Not a ray flower.

floret -- A small flower, as in the small flowers that make up an Asteraceae flower head.

montane -- inhabiting mountainous country but below timberline.

basal leaves -- a leaf that grows lowest on the stem of a plant.

canopy -- The foliage of a tree; the crown. Also the upper layer of a forest.

pappus -- Small scales, bristles or hairs at the top of the seed in Asteraceae. For example, dandelion parachutes. Plural: pappi.

A clasping leaf suroundes part of all of the stem.